Biografi Francis Drake

Biografi Francis Drake. Francis Drake ( Tavistock Inglaterra 1540 Portobelo Panamá 28 de enero de 1596 ) conocido en España como Francisco Draque [ 1 ] fue un corsario explorador comerciante de esclavos político y vicealmirante inglés Dirigió numerosas expediciones de la Marina Real inglesa en la propia España y en las Indias Causa de muerte Nacimiento Fallecimiento de (56 años) Sepultura.

Sir Francis Drake Sir Francis Drake was a famous explorer and privateer who sailed the world in search of new adventures He is best known for his voyage around the world in 1577 which became the first successful circumnavigation of the globe Drake also played a significant role in defeating the Spanish Armada in 1588 one of English history.

Francis Drake Wikipedia

Sir Francis Drake (born c 1540–43 Devonshire England—died January 28 1596 at sea off Puerto Bello Panama) English admiral who circumnavigated the globe (1577–80) and was the most renowned seaman of the Elizabethan Age Early life.

Biografia de Sir Francis Drake Biografias y Vidas .com

Who Was Sir Francis Drake?Early LifeWork as A Slave TraderFirst Commission from Queen Elizabeth ICircumnavigating The GlobeBattle with The Spanish ArmadaDeathSir Francis Drake was an English explorer involved in piracy and illicit slave trading who became the second person ever to circumnavigate the globe In 1577 Drake was chosen as the leader of an expedition intended to pass around South America through the Strait of Magellan and explore the coast that lay beyond Drake successfully completed the journey and was knighted by Queen Elizabeth I upon his triumphant return In 1588 Drake saw action in the English defeat of the Spanish Armada though he died in 1596 from dysentery after undertaking an unsuccessful raiding mission Like many of his contemporaries no birth records exist for Drake It is believed he was born between 1540 and 1544 based on dates of later events Drake was the eldest of 12 sons born to Mary Myllwaye (spelled “Mylwaye” in some cases) and Edmund Drake Edmund was a farmer on the estate of Lord Francis Russell the second earl of Bedford Drake was eventually apprenticed to a merchant who sailed coastal waters trading goods between England and France He took to navigation well and was soon enlisted by his relatives the Hawkinses They were privateers who prowled the shipping lanes off the French coast seizing merchant ships By the 1560s Drake was given command of his own ship the Judith With a small fleet Drake and his cousin John Hawkins sailed to Africa and worked illegally as slave traders They then sailed to New Spain to sell their captives to settlers an action that was against Spanish law In 1568 Drake and Hawkins became trapped in the Mexican port of San Juan de Ulúa in a faceoff with the newly established Spanish viceroy&#39s forces The two escaped on their respective ships while scores of their men were killed The incident instilled in Drake a deep hatred of the Spanish crown In 1572 Drake obtained a privateer&#39s commission from Queen Elizabeth I which was essentially a license to plunder any property belonging to King Philip IIof Spain That year Drake embarked on his first independent voyage to Panama from Plymouth England He planned to attack the town of Nombre de Dios a dropoff point for Spanish ships bringing silver and gold from Peru With two ships and a crew of 73 men Drake captured the town However he was seriously wounded during the raid so he and his men withdrew without much treasure They stayed in the area for a time and after Drake’s wounds healed they raided several Spanish settlements picking up much gold and silver They returned to Plymouth in 1573 With the success of the Panama expedition Queen Elizabeth I sent Drake out against the Spanish along the Pacific coast of South America in late 1577 She also clandestinely assigned him the task of exploring the Northwestern coast of North America seeking a Northwest passage Drake had five ships for the expedition Among his men were John Winter commander of one of the vessels and officer Thomas Doughty Major tensions flared between Drake and Doughty during the trip potentially motivated by political intrigue Upon arriving off the coast of Argentina Drake had Doughty arrested with the accusation of planned mutiny After a brief and possibly illegal trial Doughty was convicted and beheaded Drake then led the fleet into the Strait of Magellan to reach the Pacific Ocean They were soon caught in a storm with Winter&#39s ship reversing course and returning to England Continuing to face stormy weather Drake remained in his flagship the newly dubbed Golden Hind and only remain Between 1585 and 1586 relations between England and Spain grew worse Queen Elizabeth I unleashed Drake on the Spanish in a series of raids that captured several cities in North and South America taking treasure and inflicting damage on Spanish morale These acts were part of what prompted Spain’s Philip II to invade England He ordered the construction of a vast armada of warships fully equipped and manned In a preemptive strike Drake conducted a raid on the Spanish city of Cadiz destroying more than 30 ships and thousands of tons of supplies English philosopher Francis Baconwould come to refer to this act as “singeing the king of Spain’s beard” In 1588 Drake was appointed vice admiral of the English Navy under Lord Charles Howard On July 21 130 ships of the Spanish Armada entered the English Channel in a crescent formation The English fleet sailed out to meet them relying upon longrange cannon fire to significantly damage the armada over the ensuing days On July 27t In 1595 Queen Elizabeth I called upon Drake and his cousin John Hawkins to capture Spain&#39s treasure supply in Panama in hopes of cutting off revenue and ending the AngloSpanish War After the defeat at Nombre de Dios Drake&#39s fleet moved farther west and anchored off the coast of Portobelo Panama There Drake contracted dysentery and on January 28 1596 died of a fever He was buried in a lead coffin at sea near Portobelo Divers continue to search for the coffin.

Sir Francis Drake English History

Sir Francis Drake (Devonshire actual Reino Unido 1540 Portobelo Panamá 1596) Navegante y explorador inglés que hostigó las colonias y los buques españoles como corsario al servicio de la reina Isabel I Ingresó muy joven en la marina y se adiestró con el capitán John Hawkins.

Galileo A Very Short Introduction By Stillman Drake

Birth and Early YearsMarriage and FamilyEarly Career at SeaRathlin Island MassacreCircumnavigationPurchase of Buckland AbbeyPolitical CareerGreat Expedition to AmericaDefeats and DeathCultural ImpactFrancis Drake was born in Tavistock Devon England Although his birth date is not formally recorded it is known that he was born while the Six Articles were in force His birth date is estimated from contemporary sources such as “Drake was two and twenty when he obtained the command of the Judith” (1566) This would date his birth to 1544 A date of c1540 is suggested from two portraits one a miniature painted by Nicholas Hilliard in 1581 when he was allegedly 42 so born circa 1539 while the other painted in 1594 when he was said to be 52would give a birth year of around 1541 Lady ElliottDrake the collateral descendant and final holder of the Drake Baronetcy argued in her book on &#39The Family and Heirs of Sir Francis Drake&#39 that Drake&#39s birth year was 1541 He was the oldest of the twelve sons of Edmund Drake (1518–1585) a Protestant farmer and his wife Mary Mylwaye The first son was alleged to have been named after his godfather Francis Russell 2nd Earl of Bedford Francis Drake married Mary Newman at St Budeaux church Plymouth in July 1569 She died 12 years later in 1581 In 1585 Drake married Elizabeth Sydenham—born circa 1562 the only child of Sir George Sydenham of Combe Sydenham who was the High Sheriff of Somerset After Drake&#39s death the widow Elizabeth eventually married Sir William Courtenay of Powderham[unreliable source] Scholars think it is likely Francis Drake was illegitimate and that is probably why he was placed at an early age into the household of William Hawkins of Plymouth Drake began his seagoing training as an apprentice on Hawkins&#39 boats By 18 he was a bursar and in the 1550s Drake&#39s father found the young man a position with the owner and master of a small barque one of the small traders plying between the Medway River and the Dutch coast Drake likely engaged in commerce along the coast of England the Low Countries and France On the death of the barque&#39s owner Drake was given the barque though it is possible the small boat may already have belonged to one of the Hawkinses for whom Drake was working itLoades says “Whatever the truth of the matter Drake seems to have completed his training out of the Medway” Anecdotal evidence indicates Francis next served in a fairly humble capacity as a seaman on a series of voyages on the ships of William&#39s cousin John Hawkins betw Drake was present at the 1575 Rathlin Island massacre in Ireland Acting on the instructions of Sir Henry Sidney and the Earl of Essex Sir John Norreys and Drake laid siege to Rathlin Castle Despite their surrender Norreys&#39 troops killed all the 200 defenders and more than 400 civilian men women and children of Clan MacDonnell Meanwhile Drake was given the task of preventing any Gaelic Irish or Scottish reinforcements reaching the island Therefore the remaining leader of the Gaelic defence against English power Sorley Boy MacDonnell was forced to stay on the mainland Essex wrote in his letter to Queen Elizabeth&#39s secretary that following the attack Sorley Boy “was likely to have run mad for sorrow tearing and tormenting himself and saying that he there lost all that he ever had” With the success of the Panama isthmus raid in 1577 Elizabeth I of England sent Drake to start an expedition against the Spanish along the Pacific coast of the Americas Drake acted on the plan authored by Sir Richard Grenville who had received royal patent for it in 1574 Just a year later the patent was rescinded after protests from Philip of Spain Diego was once again employed under Drake his fluency in Spanish and English would make him a useful interpreter when Spaniards or Spanishspeaking Portuguese were captured He was employed as Drake&#39s servant and was paid wages just like the rest of the crew Drake and the fleet set out from Plymouth on 15 November 1577 but bad weather threatened him and his fleet They were forced to take refuge in Falmouth Cornwall from where they returned to Plymouth for repair After this major setback Drake set sail again on 13 December aboard Pelican with four other ships and 164 men He soon added a sixth ship Mary (formerly Santa Maria In 1580 Drake purchased Buckland Abbey a large manor house near Yelverton in Devon via intermediaries from Sir Richard Greynvile He lived there for fifteen years until his final voyage and it remained in his family for several generations Buckland Abbey is now in the care of the National Trustand a number of mementos of his life are displayed there Drake was politically astute and although known for his private and military endeavours he was an influential figure in politics during the time he spent in Britain Often abroad there is little evidence to suggest he was active in Westminster despite being a member of parliament on three occasions After returning from his voyage of circumnavigation Drake became the Mayor of Plymouth in September 1581 He became a member of parliament during a session of the 4th Parliament of Elizabeth I on 16 January 1581 for the constituency of Camelford He did not actively participate at this point and on 17 February 1581 he was granted leave of absence “for certain his necessary business in the service of Her Majesty” Drake became a member of parliament again in 1584 for Bossiney on the forming of the 5th Parliament of Elizabeth I He served the duration of the parliament and was active in issues regarding the navy fishing early American colonisation and issues related chiefly to War had already been declared by Phillip II after the Treaty of Nonsuch so the Queen through Francis Walsingham ordered Sir Francis Drake to lead an expedition to attack the Spanish colonies in a kind of preemptive strike An expedition left Plymouth in September 1585 with Drake in command of twentyone ships with 1800 soldiers under Christopher Carleill He first attacked Vigo in Spain and held the place for two weeks ransoming supplies He then plundered Santiago in the Cape Verde islands after which the fleet then sailed across the Atlantic sacked the port of Santo Domingo and captured the city of Cartagena de Indias in presentday Colombia At Cartagena Drake released one hundred Turks who were enslaved On 6 June 1586 during the return leg of the voyage he raided the Spanish fort of San Agustín in Spanish Florida After the raids he then went on to find Sir Walter Raleigh&#39s settlement much further north at Roanoke which he replenished and also took back with him all of t Drake&#39s seafaring career continued into his midfifties In 1595 he failed to conquer the port of Las Palmas and following a disastrous campaign against Spanish America where he suffered a number of defeats he unsuccessfully attacked San Juan de Puerto Rico eventually losing the Battle of San Juan The Spanish gunners from El Morro Castle shot a cannonball through the cabin of Drake&#39s flagship but he survived He attempted to attack over land in an effort to capture the rich port of Panamá but was defeated again A few weeks later on 28 January 1596 he died (aged about 56) of dysentery a common disease in the tropics at the time while anchored off the coast of Portobelo where some Spanish treasure ships had sought shelterFollowing his death the English fleet withdrew defeated Before dying he asked to be dressed in his full armour He was buried at sea in a sealed leadlined coffin near Portobelo a few miles off the coastline It is supposed that his final resting pla In Valparaíso Chile folklore associates a cave known as Cueva del Pirata (lit “Cave of the Pirate”) with Francis Drake A legend says that when Drake sacked the port he became disappointed over the scant plunder Drake proceeded to enter the churches in fury to sack them and urinate on the goblets However he still found the plunder to be not worth enough to take it on board his galleon hiding it in the cave Another version the legend says a treasure was left in the cave because the plunder had been more than he could take on board Together with the treasure Drake would have left a man chained or a sentry to wait for them to return which they did notThe treasure is said to still be there but those who approach it drown Further north in Chile a tale says that because Drake feared falling prisoner to the Spanish he buried his treasure near Arica these being one of many Chilean stories about entierros(“burrowings”) In the UK there are various places named after him especia Nickname El Draque (Spanish “The Dragon”)Battles/wars Years active 1563–1596Rank.